| Sign-up requirements | None — no phone number, no email, no account. Identity is a cryptographic key generated on your device. | Phone number required to register. Usernames (added 2024) can hide your number from other people, but registration still demands one. |
| Browser / no-install use | Yes — persistent, full-featured client at app.sendant.io. Open a link, start messaging. | No. Signal Desktop is an installed app that must be linked to a phone already running Signal; Signal's team has explicitly declined to build a browser client. |
| Native apps | Android app. No native iOS app yet — iPhone users use the browser client. | Mature native apps for Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, and Linux. |
| Independent audits | Not yet audited. An independent audit is planned; limitations are documented rather than hidden. | Extensively and repeatedly audited; the Signal Protocol has received formal academic analysis for nearly a decade. |
| Encryption | X3DH + Double Ratchet — the same cryptographic primitives Signal uses — compiled to WASM so the browser runs the same crypto path as the native app. | Signal Protocol, upgraded to PQXDH post-quantum key agreement. The reference implementation everyone else is measured against. |
| Metadata & identifiers | No identifier to subpoena or leak: the service never learns a phone number or email. Servers see only ciphertext content. | Sealed Sender reduces sender metadata, but the phone-number anchor ties your account to a real-world, government-registered identifier. |
| Bad-network behavior | Built for throttled, restricted, or intermittent networks: messages wait in an encrypted store-and-forward mailbox and deliver when your contact reconnects. Peer-to-peer and relay delivery paths are on the roadmap. | Centralized service; generally requires a working connection to Signal's servers. |
| Group & ecosystem maturity | Young product. Smaller feature surface and a much smaller user network. | Huge user base, polished group chats, calls, stories, years of production hardening. |
| Price & funding | Free. Funded by optional paid tiers — no ads, no token, no data monetization. | Free. Nonprofit foundation funded by donations. |